{"id":2117,"date":"2023-03-05T09:50:39","date_gmt":"2023-03-05T09:50:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/147.182.205.39\/lesson\/lesson-7-conditional-statements-logical-operators\/"},"modified":"2023-03-23T09:08:37","modified_gmt":"2023-03-23T09:08:37","slug":"lesson-7-conditional-statements-logical-operators","status":"publish","type":"lesson","link":"https:\/\/stemlab.org.in\/hi\/lesson\/lesson-7-conditional-statements-logical-operators\/","title":{"rendered":"Lesson 7: Conditional Statements & Logical Operators"},"content":{"rendered":"

Conditional Statement<\/h2>\n

Conditional statements<\/del> allow the program to check the conditions by testing a variable against a value and acting accordingly. A program that has conditional statements is called a Conditional Program, and the process is known as Conditional Programming.<\/p>\n

Relational Operators<\/h3>\n

A relational operator<\/del> is an operator that tests a relation between two entities. The result of a relational operator is either true or false.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S No<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\nOperator<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\nDefinition<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\nImage<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/strong><\/td>\nGreater Than<\/td>\nThis block reports true only if the first number is greater than the second number. If the first number is equal to or less than the second, it results in a false.<\/p>\n

Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n

15 > 10 will return true.<\/p>\n

10 > 15 will return false.<\/td>\n

\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/strong><\/td>\nLess Than<\/td>\nThis block reports true only if the first number is less than the second number. If the first number is equal to or greater than the second, it results in a false.<\/p>\n

Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

15 > 10 will return false.<\/p>\n

10 > 15 will return true.<\/td>\n

\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/strong><\/td>\nEquals to<\/td>\nIt results in true only if the first number equals the second number; otherwise, it results in false.<\/td>\n\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Activity 1: Gliding using if () then Block<\/h2>\n

Make a script that will make Tobi glide to a random position on the Stage whenever we press the space key.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Flowchart<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Coding Steps<\/h3>\n

Follow the steps below:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Open PictoBlox App<\/del>, go to My Space<\/del>, and click on the +<\/del> button to create a new file<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  2. Add the\u00a0when flag clicked <\/strong>block.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. Add forever<\/strong> block below the when flag clicked <\/strong>block.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  4. Add an if () then <\/strong>block inside the forever<\/strong> block.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  5. Place a key () pressed?<\/strong> block from the Sensing<\/del> palette in the space of the if <\/strong>block.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  6. Place\u00a0glide to () second<\/strong> block\u00a0under the if arm.\"\"<\/li>\n
  7. Click the green flag<\/strong> and press the space key to move Tobi around.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Activity 1: Output<\/h3>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Activity 2: Gliding Using if () then Else Block<\/h2>\n

    Make a script that will make Tobi move toward the mouse cursor whenever we click it. When we\u2019re not clicking it, he should go back to his default position in the center.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Flowchart<\/h3>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Coding Steps<\/h3>\n

    Follow the steps below:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Open PictoBlox App<\/del>, go to My Space<\/del>, and click on the +<\/del> button to create a new file<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
    2. Add the\u00a0when flag clicked <\/strong>block.<\/strong><\/li>\n
    3. Add forever<\/strong> block below the when flag clicked <\/strong>block.<\/strong><\/li>\n
    4. Add an if-else<\/strong> block and place a mouse down?<\/strong> block from the Sensing<\/del> palette in the space of the if <\/strong>block.<\/strong>\"\"<\/li>\n
    5. If it is true, Tobi should glide toward the mouse. Therefore, add a glide () secs to x: () y: ()<\/strong>block and place\u00a0mouse x<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0mouse y<\/strong> from the Sensing palette in their respective white spaces. Set time as 0.5 secs.
      \n\"\"<\/li>\n
    6. If the condition is false, it will stay at the center. Thus, place another glide () secs to x: () y: ()<\/strong>block and write set x and y value to 0. Set time as 0.5 secs.\"\"<\/li>\n
    7. Click the green flag <\/strong>and click on the stage to move Tobi around.<\/li>\n
    8. Save the file with the name Conditional Programming<\/del>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Activity 2: Output<\/h3>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      Logical Operator<\/h2>\n

      A logical operator is an operator that is used to perform a logical operation on one or more Boolean (True\/False) values. Common logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT.<\/p>\n

      AND Operator<\/h3>\n

      AND operator is used to determine if two or more conditions are true. If all the conditions are true, the AND operator returns TRUE. If any one of the conditions fail, the AND operator returns FALSE.<\/p>\n

      In some programming languages AND operator is denoted by the \u201c&&\u201d symbol.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      Real Life Example<\/del>: <\/strong>You should go to bed only after you have completed your homework and the time is past 8 PM. Here, if we want to derive the logical operation from this scenario, we have the following conditions:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Condition 1<\/strong>: Have you completed homework?<\/li>\n
      • Condition 2<\/strong>: Is the time past 8 PM?<\/li>\n
      • Decision<\/strong>: Should you go to bed?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Have you completed homework?<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\nIs the time past 8 PM?<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\nShould you go to bed?<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        YES<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        NO<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        YES<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        NO<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        The () and ()<\/strong> block is an Operators<\/del> Block and a Boolean<\/strong> Block.\"\"<\/p>\n

        The block joins two Boolean blocks so they both have to be true to return true. If they are both true, the block returns true; if only one is true or none are true, it returns false.<\/p>\n

        Activity 3: AND with Quarky<\/h2>\n

        We are making a code that basically detects whether both the buttons of Quarky are pressed or not. If both buttons are pressed then the display of Quarky will show green, otherwise red.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Coding Steps<\/h3>\n

        Follow the steps below:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Create a New file in PictoBlox App<\/del>.<\/li>\n
        2. Connect Quarky<\/del> to PictoBlox<\/del>.<\/li>\n
        3. Go to the Sensors<\/del> palette and add a\u00a0is button () pressed ?<\/strong>\u00a0block into the scripting area. The button,\u00a0L<\/strong>, is set as the default option.<\/li>\n
        4. Go to the Sensors<\/del> palette and add a is button () pressed ?<\/strong>\u00a0block into the scripting area. Change the button to,\u00a0R<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
        5. Add () and ()<\/strong> block, from the Operators<\/del> palette. Inside this block add both the is button () pressed ? <\/strong>blocks.
          \n\"\"<\/li>\n
        6. Go to the Control<\/del> palette and drop an\u00a0if<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>else\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>block into the scripting area. Drop the\u00a0()<\/strong>\u00a0and ()\u00a0<\/strong>block in the white space of the\u00a0if else<\/em><\/strong> block.<\/em><\/li>\n
        7. Go to the Display<\/del> palette and drop the\u00a0display matrix as ()<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0block inside the\u00a0if<\/strong>\u00a0branch and make all LEDs\u00a0green<\/strong>. Repeat to add\u00a0display matrix as ()<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0block inside the\u00a0else<\/strong>\u00a0branch and make all LEDs\u00a0red<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
        8. Add a\u00a0forever <\/strong>block around the entire script.<\/li>\n
        9. To add the finishing touch, add a\u00a0when flag clicked <\/strong>block above the forever <\/strong>block.<\/strong>\"\"<\/li>\n
        10. Finally, click the green flag<\/strong> to run the script. Now test the AND logic with Quarky switches.<\/li>\n
        11. Save the file as AND Logic<\/del>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Activity 3: Output<\/h3>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n

          Logical Operator – OR Operator<\/h2>\n

          The OR operator is used to determine if either one of two or more conditions is TRUE. If any of the conditions is true, the OR operator returns TRUE. If all the conditions fail, the OR operator simply returns FALSE.<\/p>\n

          In some programming languages OR operator is denoted by the \u201c||\u201d symbol.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

          Real-Life Example<\/del>: <\/strong>We should carry an umbrella when either it is sunny, or it is raining. Otherwise, we should not carry it. Like the previous example, if we want to derive the logical operation from this scenario, we have the following conditions:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Condition 1<\/strong>: Is it sunny outside?<\/li>\n
          • Condition 2<\/strong>: Is it raining outside?<\/li>\n
          • Decision<\/strong>: Should we carry an umbrella?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Is sunny?<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\nIs raining?<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\nCarry umbrella?<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            YES<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            NO<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            YES<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            NO<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            The\u00a0() or ()<\/strong>\u00a0(logical OR) block is an Operators<\/del> block and a Boolean<\/strong> block. The block joins two Boolean blocks and compares them. If at least one of them is true, the block returns\u00a0true<\/em>; if neither of them is true,\u00a0only then\u00a0does the block return\u00a0false<\/em>. This block is used for checking if any of the conditions are true.\"\"<\/p>\n

            Challenge<\/h3>\n

            Make a code that basically detects whether any of the buttons of Quarky are pressed or not. If any of the buttons is pressed then the display of Quarky will show green, otherwise red.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \"\"<\/p>\n

            \"\"<\/p>\n

            Logical Operators – NOT Operator<\/h2>\n

            We use the NOT operator to reverse or negate a condition. If the condition is true, NOT will return false and vice versa. In some programming languages NOT, the operator is denoted by the \u201c!\u201d symbol.<\/p>\n

            Real-Life Example<\/del>: <\/strong>For example, you can go to play only if it is not raining, otherwise, you must stay indoors. Unlike the previous examples, here we have only one condition.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Condition<\/strong>: Is it raining?<\/li>\n
            • Decision<\/strong>: Should we go out to play?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Is it raining?<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\nGo out to play?<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              YES<\/td>\nNO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              NO<\/td>\nYES<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              The not ()<\/strong>\u00a0(logical NOT) block is an Operators<\/del> block and a Boolean<\/strong> block. The block checks if the Boolean block inside it is false. If it is false, the block returns\u00a0true<\/em>; if the condition is true, it returns\u00a0false<\/em>. This block can be used to \u201creverse\u201d Booleans.\"\"<\/p>\n

              Challenge<\/h3>\n

              Make a code that basically detects whether the left button of Quarky is pressed or not.\u00a0If any of the buttons is pressed then the display of Quarky will show red, otherwise green.\"\"\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Make sure you finish and submit the assignment<\/strong>, as well as take the\u00a0quiz<\/strong>,\u00a0before moving on to the next lesson<\/em>.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              In this lesson, you will learn about Conditional Statements and Relational Operators to create programs that can make decisions based on conditions. We will also learn about Logical Operators.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":368,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2117","lesson","type-lesson","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stemlab.org.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson\/2117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stemlab.org.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stemlab.org.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/lesson"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stemlab.org.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/stemlab.org.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson\/2117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2161,"href":"https:\/\/stemlab.org.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/lesson\/2117\/revisions\/2161"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stemlab.org.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/368"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stemlab.org.in\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}